Abstract: We study the descriptive complexity of summation problems in Abelian groups and semigroups. In general, an input to the summation problem consists of an Abelian semigroup G, explicitly ...

While we have the Python built-in function sum() which sums the elements of a sequence (provided the elements of the sequence are all of numeric type), it’s instructive to see how we can do this in a ...

Summation notation $$\sum_{i=1}^8 a_i$$ Expands to $a_1 + a_2 +... + a_8$ $$\sum_{i=5}^8 a_i$$ Expands to $a_5 + a_6 +... + a_8$ $$\sum_{i=1}^8 a_ib_ix^i$$Expands to ...