What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

In this paper, we consider the function f p ( t )= 2p X 2 ( 2p t+p;p ) , where χ²(x; n) defined by X 2 ( x;p )= 2 −p/2 Γ( p/2 ) e −x/2 x p/2−1 , is the density function of a χ²-distribution with n ...

Abstract: In manufacturing and logistics, various applications exploiting IoT devices are started to be used. Although there is a demand for wireless connection between the IoT devices to networks, ...

Abstract: The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has demonstrated its effectiveness for state estimation in highly nonlinear systems over the past two decades. However, the UKF's assumption of a single ...