Fuzzy statistics and random variables represent a progressive fusion of traditional probability theory with the principles of fuzzy logic, enabling the treatment of imprecision and vagueness inherent ...

In the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable approach in data science and a growing influence in medical research, 4-6 with an accelerating pace of innovation. This ...

Statistics is the science of learning from data. The theoretical foundation of statistics lies in probability theory, which is applied to decision-making under uncertainty. Data science consists of ...

Designed to introduce students to quantitative methods in a way that can be applied to all kinds of data in all kinds of situations, Statistics and Data Visualization Using R: The Art and Practice of ...

The field of data analytics is developing rapidly. With the rise of ever larger and more specialised datasets, it’s essential to understand how to collect, handle, evaluate and interpret data to ...

A guide to collect and compile balance of payments and international investment position data. The sixth edition (BPM6) is the final version and updates the fifth edition (BPM5) that was released in ...