Laser Proximity Sensors use laser beams to detect the presence or absence of objects within a certain range. They are used in security systems, robotics, automation, and industrial processes, where ...

Ultrasonic frequencies are above the human audio range — higher than 20 kHz. Operating in the ultrasonic frequency range, ultrasonic sensors are commonly used for measuring proximity (distance), ...

Intelligent light grids take many forms and cover applications from simple to complex. Sizes range from a few inches to several feet, and resolutions from 2 to 100 mm. Automation light grids take many ...

Air bubble sensors are used to detect air or gas bubbles in flexible clear plastic tubes. They are intended to prevent air infusions. The air bubble sensor has no contact with the liquid and is ...

Abstract: This paper extends the time-domain gated response isolation scheme for full polarimetric calibration with a modified Thru-Reflect-Match procedure for network analyzer self-calibration where ...