Programmable logic controllers (PLC) save time, money, and energy in process control systems. They simplify systems. A brief history of manufacturing processes sets the stage for how to use modern ICs ...

E-2's main propulsion system consists of two DC motors directly driving contra-rotating propellers. An underwater vehicle with a single propeller is subject to undesirable torque forces, especially if ...

The ISA-88 series of standards, also known as batch process control standards, bring clarity, structure and consistency to batch processing in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage industries, chemicals ...

Advanced packaging is transforming semiconductor manufacturing into a multi-dimensional challenge, blending 2D front-end wafer fabrication with 2.5D/3D assemblies, high-frequency device ...

“Cyber-physical systems” are the next generation of closely integrated physical and cyber systems. Several critical systems such as the power grid, autonomous transportation systems, and process ...

The convergence of operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) offers a unified view of industrial automation control systems and streamlines communication among personnel and the ...

Recent industry workshops have identified the issues of cyber and physical security risks to process control systems (PCS). There are many cyber and physical security risks to the oil and gas ...