Abstract: Modular exponentiation with a large modulus, which is usually accomplished by repeated modular multiplications, has been widely used in public key cryptosystems for secured data ...

Abstract: Modular exponentiation, an operation widely utilized in cryptographic protocols to transfer text and other forms of data, can also be applied to Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices with high ...

Montgomery algorithms represent a transformative advancement in the computation of modular arithmetic, specifically designed to bypass the costly division steps inherent in traditional methods. By ...