The IR sensor detects a reflective surface once per rotation. Arduino measures the time between detections, calculates RPM, and displays it on the LCD. If RPM exceeds 3000, the buzzer sounds an alert.

Abstract: We connected $\mathbf{p H}$ sensor and solar cell into Arduino Board to control data transmission via red laser communication or popular known as visible light communication (VLC). The ...

Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid advancement of unmanned systems, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles and autonomous vehicles, the accurate collection of external information has become ...