This schematic is a project in which we control the switching of bulb/lamp using Arduino and NPN TIP120 Power transistor (used as a switch).

A transistor curve tracer will tell you a transistor's electrical parameters if you know which pin to connect to which test lead. Usually you can figure this out from reading its type number and ...

A teacher I know is stuck, with only npn transistors in the supply cupboard and the need to create a reversible motor drive for an Arduino project. Reversing ‘bridges’ have four switches (relay ...

Microcontrollers—such as the ATmega328P chip that powers the venerable Arduino Uno as well as the Nano—allow you to take input from sensors, power LEDs, and send signals to other devices over ...

The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

Based on the knowledge developed in the previous tutorials, we now start the study of this important electronic component. We have thus created a PNP transistor. Figure 1: A PNP transistor. The size ...

From a simple electronic toothbrush to complicated robotics systems, DC motors are present everywhere. In most of our previous Arduino projects, we have used these DC motors as actuators and ...