I want to discuss randomization procedures for data analysis, and I want to discuss them within the context of a computer language called R. I will speak about R shortly, but first let me talk about ...

We will begin with randomization tests, because they are closer in intent to more traditional parametric tests than are bootstrapping procedures. Their primary goal is to test some null hypothesis, ...

We want to find the effect of an exposure on an outcome. An exposure can be analysed if instruments (i.e. GWAS hits) have been identified for it. Hence the only data required are the following for the ...

Before delving into debugging, it is critical to have a solid understanding of the basics of SystemVerilog constraint randomization. Constraints are used to define the valid range of values for ...

This project outlines an issue with RSpec's implementation of randomization that requires users to invoke srand in a way that makes randomization in specs not as random as it should be (assuming the ...