Background: Observational studies have indicated a potential association between education and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, uncertainties regarding the causal relationship persist.

Although numerous Mendelian randomization studies on risk factors have been conducted in male medicine, a systematic synthesis of these findings is still lacking. This review searched relevant ...

We will begin with randomization tests, because they are closer in intent to more traditional parametric tests than are bootstrapping procedures. Their primary goal is to test some null hypothesis, ...

Randomization tests can be thought of as another way to examine data, and do not restrictive assumptions about populations. As a very quick example, suppose that you have two groups of scores. One ...