Probability is a numerical measure that reflects the likelihood of a particular event occurring. It ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 representing an impossible event and 1 representing a certain event. In ...

Probability distribution is an essential concept in statistics, helping us understand the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment. Whether you’re a student, researcher, or professional ...

Abstract: We introduce a representation method of probability models that can be applied to any code such as turbo, low density parity check (LDPC) or tail-biting code. Moreover, we propose an ...

Abstract: For monitoring and control applications, which are necessary to ensure safe grid operation, the knowledge of the current, possibly critical, system state is essential. In this paper the ...