Abstraction is one of the four fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), along with encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It refers to the concept of hiding complex ...

The abstract keyword is used to achieve abstraction in java. It is non-access modifier which is used to create abstract class and method. The role of an abstract class to contain abstract methods.

How does one measure the performance penalty imposed by a compiler and execution environment on a program for using the data abstractions? In this article, I present the Data Abstraction Penalty (DAP) ...

Abstract: In this paper, we describe a class abstraction technique (CAT) for Java programs that support the testing process by capturing aspects of software complexity based on the combination of ...